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"IEEE Sensors Alert" is a pilot project of the IEEE Sensors Council. Started as one of its new initiatives, this weekly digest publishes teasers and condensed versions of our journal papers in layperson's language.
Articles Posted in the Month (July 2023)
The Machine Learnings Leading the Cuffless PPG Blood Pressure Sensors Into the Next Stage
Author: Paul C.-P. Chao, Chih-Cheng Wu, Duc Huy Nguyen, Ba-Sy Nguyen, Pin-Chia Huang, Van-Hung Le
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 21, Issue: 11, June 2021)
Summary Contributed by: E.V.V. Hari Charan
Regular blood pressure (BP) monitoring helps in managing Cardiovascular diseases. Recent works on machine learning based on measured photoplethysmogram (PPG) waveforms have shown a strong possibility of estimating blood pressure by cuffless devices, such as recursive neural networks (RNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), etc. The challenge lies in the successful commercialization of cuffless BP sensors.
A Nanometer Resolution Wearable Wireless Medical Device for Non Invasive Intracranial Pressure Monitoring
Author: Rodrigo de A. P. Andrade, Helder Eiki Oshiro, Caio Kioshi Miyazaki, Cintya Yukie Hayashi, Marcos Antonio de Morais, Rodrigo Brunelli, João Paulo Carmo
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 21, Issue: 20, October 2021)
Non-invasive intracranial pressure monitoring (NIICP) by measuring skull deformation has been studied extensively for assessing intracranial pressure and compliance. The researchers used this principle to design a novel wireless sensor. The proposed sensor is small, portable, cost-effective, and highly sensitive. It offers a more accurate clinical evaluation of intracranial dynamics and has the potential for a wide range of applications.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 21, Issue: 18, September 2021)
Summary Contributed by: Anupama
3D printing has emerged as a novel fabrication process for producing customized sensors at low cost. A uniaxial Ti6Al4V alloy accelerometer prototype was designed and fabricated using the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) technique. With micro dimensions and comparable differential sensitivity, the proposed prototype showcases a new genre of 3D-printed metal sensors which are low-cost, customizable, efficient, and durable.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 21, Issue: 11, June 2021)
Summary Contributed by: Sheng-Kai Yeh (Author)
The tactile force sensor is the key enabling device for machines to interact with humans and objects. Due to the growing demand for smart-machine, metaverse, gaming, etc., miniaturized tactile force sensing chips have attracted attention and have also been developed through different detection and process technologies. The paper summarizes various tactile force sensors designed and fabricated based on the semiconductor CMOS processes.
Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological diseases among humans. It can lead to severe brain injuries, strokes, and brain tumors. Early detection of seizures is critical to improving the day-to-day lives of patients. The researchers propose two deep learning approaches, using EEG data as input, which can detect epileptic seizures one hour before they occur.
Colon Cancer Detection by Designing and Analytical Evaluation of a Water-Based THz Metamaterial Perfect Absorber
Author: Zohreh Vafapour, William Troy, Ali Rashidi
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 21, Issue: 17, September 2021)
Summary Contributed by: Anupama
Early detection of colon cancer is vital for patient survival. The researchers propose a novel device for the detection of colon cancer using terahertz electromagnetic waves. The device detects differences in water concentration within healthy and cancerous colon tissues by using surface plasmon polaritons (SPP). It shows potential as a less invasive, safer, faster, and early detection procedure for colon cancer.
IoT Enabled, Leaf Wetness Sensor on the Flexible Substrates for In-Situ Plant Disease Management
Author: Kamlesh S. Patle, Riya Saini, Ahlad Kumar, Sandeep G. Surya, Vinay S. Palaparthy, Khaled N. Salama
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 21, Issue: 17, September 2021)
Summary Contributed by: Margi Hingrajia
Early detection of plant diseases can prevent crop failure. The Leaf wetness duration (LWD) that leads to fungal infections is a major concern among farmers. Using LWD as a parameter, researchers developed disease detection models with an Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled leaf wetness sensor (LWS) prototype fabricated on flexible substrates. Researchers tested the prototypes on medicinal plants. The prototype made comparatively accurate, precise, and early disease predictions.
Graphene and graphene derivative-based field effect transistor (FET) gas sensors are the most recent inclusion in the gas sensor family, having enormous potential to detect a wide variety of oxidizing and reducing target species with high sensitivity. The researchers adopted various strategies to improve the different performance index of the sensor either at the fabrication/device stage or at the operational/measurement technique level.
Determination of Salinity and Sugar Concentration by Means of a Circular-Ring Monopole Textile Antenna-Based Sensor
Author: Mariam El Gharbi, Marc Martinez-Estrada, Raúl Fernández-García, and Ignacio Gil
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 21, Issue: 21, November 2021)
Summary Contributed by: Kamalesh Tripathy
Excessive sugar and salt in the diet are harmful to health. A wearable antenna sensor with real-time sugar and salt monitoring could help monitor salt and sugar intake. The researchers here propose an e-textile-based monopole antenna sensor prototype for it. The simple fabrication process, compact size, and high sensitivity make the prototype ideal for a blood sugar or sodium sensor.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 21, Issue: 13, July 2021)
Summary Contributed by: Vahid Khojasteh Lazarjan (Author)
The portable Point-of-care (POC) devices that can detect diseases will revolutionize healthcare. The researchers propose a miniature wireless cell fiber-spectrophotometer prototype for real-time bio-markers detection and diagnostic support outside the laboratories. The low-power and lightweight spectrometer can identify biomarkers, such as tagged proteins or genetic materials, even in small samples. It promises effective point-of-care solutions for rapid testing of infectious diseases like SARS-CoV-2 or cancer.
Emotion recognition has garnered interest from researchers because of its importance in affective computing. Facial expressions can mask human emotions. However, studies show that electroencephalogram (EEG) signals can recognize and identify human emotions. Hence, EEG has emerged as an alternate method for emotion recognition. The paper proposes a novel approach through a reduced number of EEG electrode channels and a normalization method, demonstrating its promising applications in real-time emotion recognition.
The extensive use of electronic goods has accelerated the threat of the rise in electronics waste (e-Waste). Its unregulated disposal causes environmental and health issues. Despite international policies and associated legalization, the exponential growth in production of waste Printed Circuit boards (WPCBs), use of poor raw material and energy-hungry manufacturing processes have spiked this problem as unsustainable. The use of emerging eco-friendly materials, resource-efficient manufacturing processes, and new technologies are needed to improve the industry's sustainability.
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