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"IEEE Sensors Alert" is a pilot project of the IEEE Sensors Council. Started as one of its new initiatives, this weekly digest publishes teasers and condensed versions of our journal papers in layperson's language.
Articles Posted in the Month (May 2022)
A Linear Slope Analyzing Strategy of GMR Sensor Transfer Curve for Static Detection of Magnetic Nanoparticles
Author: Shuai Yuan , Yimeng Du, and Philip W. T. Pong
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 21, Issue: 21, November 2021)
Summary Contributed by: Pranjali Maru
Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) have found promising applications in various upcoming technologies. The quantity of MNPs helps detect the biomolecules of the magnetic bio-detection platform marked by magnetic labels. Compared to the traditional subtraction method, a new linear slope analyzing strategy based on giant magnetoresistance (GMR) platform shows impressive performance.
Electronic Waste Reduction through Devices and Printed Circuit Boards designed for Circularity
Author: Moupali Chakraborty; Jeff Kettle; Ravinder Dahiya
Published in: IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics (Volume: 1, Issue: 1, Jan. 2022)
Summary Contributed by: Ravinder Dahiya (author)
The extensive use of electronic goods has accelerated the threat of the rise in electronics waste (e-Waste). Its unregulated disposal causes environmental and health issues. Despite international policies and associated legalization, the exponential growth in production of waste Printed Circuit boards (WPCBs), use of poor raw material and energy-hungry manufacturing processes have spiked this problem as unsustainable. The use of emerging eco-friendly materials, resource-efficient manufacturing processes, and new technologies are needed to improve the industry's sustainability.
Summary Contributed by: Nauman Ali Choudhry (author)
Electronic textiles (E-textiles) have recently emerged as a promising technology and will soon transform the wearable industry. Due to its flexibility and ease of embedding in garments, wearable sensing has become a favourite choice for continuous health monitoring of athletes and medical patients. Advancements in textile-based sensors significantly impact the quality of life and will play an important role in the field of Internet of Things (IoT).
Though still not widespread in clinical applications, the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTC) attracts researchers' interest as a technique to diagnose and monitor cancer patients. They have been working on developing a miniaturized, portable, low cost, mass-producible device with the potential for automated and non-invasive diagnostics of CTCs in blood samples at point-of-care locations.
Portable Sensing Devices for Detection of COVID-19: A Review
Author: Deniz Sadighbayan, Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 21, Issue: 9, May 2021)
Summary Contributed by: Deniz Sadighbayan, Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh (authors)
Portable biosensing systems are crucial in deterrence, timely detection, and intensive care of pandemic-causing diseases like the disastrous COVID-19. The Global emergency led researchers to accelerate the development of portable diagnostic devices for recognizing SARS-CoV-2 and advancing the existing biosensor technology such as electrochemical, optical, and electrical for detecting other viruses and low viral loads.
A PCA-based method to select the number and the body location of piezoresistive sensors in a wearable system for respiratory monitoring
Author: Luigi Raiano, Joshua Di Tocco, Carlo Massaroni, Giovanni Di Pino, Emiliano Schena, Domenico Formica
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 21, Issue: 5, March 2021)
Summary Contributed by: Leena Jha
The optimal number and body location of piezoresistive sensors to design wearables for monitoring respiratory rate are still debated. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based method developed to address this challenge considered different references (i.e., at rest and during walking/running). Trials demonstrated that real-time situations strongly influence the number of sensors and their location to optimize wearable performances.
A Wearable, Multimodal Sensing System to Monitor Knee Joint Health
Author: Caitlin N. Teague, J. Alex Heller, Brandi N. Nevius, Andrew M. Carek , Samer Mabrouk , Florencia Garcia-Vicente, Omer T. Inan , Mozziyar Etemadi
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal ( Volume: 20, Issue: 18, September 2020)
Summary Contributed by: Anupama
Knee injuries and other minor or chronic knee conditions are prevalent. Monitoring rehabilitation or medication progress in knee treatment is time-consuming, expensive, and requires regular imaging, follow-ups, and several tests. However, knee health can be monitored and “joint health score” calculated remotely with wearable sensors that pick up sound, swelling, temperature and motion. Packaging these sensors into a wearable brace is vital for monitoring the knee.
Janus: A Combined Radar and Vibration Sensor for Beehive Monitoring
Author: Herbert M. Aumann; Margery K. Aumann; Nuri W. Emanetoglu
Published in: IEEE Sensors Letters (Volume: 5, Issue: 3, March 2021)
Summary Contributed by: Anupama
The two-faced sensor system, JANUS, is designed to help beekeepers track bee activities like ‘Swarming’ and ‘Robbing’. The outward-looking Doppler radar monitors the bee flights while the inward-looking piezoelectric transducer senses the vibrations made by bees inside the hive. Researchers were able to use the level, duration and correlation between the two sensor signals to provide sufficient indication about different types of bee activity.
Author: Ernie W. Hill, Aravind Vijayaragahvan, Kostya Novoselov
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 11, Issue: 12, December 2011)
Summary Contributed by: Anupama
Graphene is often called a ‘miracle material’ due to its exceptional mechanical, electrical and chemical properties. It is a highly conductive, thinnest yet strongest, transparent and non-porous layer of pure carbon atoms in a honeycomb structure. Graphene has immense potential for fabricating various types of flexible sensors like mechanical, magnetic, electrochemical, biosensors, optical sensors etc.
Author: Anuj Kumar, Hiesik Kim, and Gerhard P. Hancke
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 13, Issue: 4, April 2013)
Summary Contributed by: Jayraj Mulani
Humans are paying a heavy price for economic growth and overall development, whether infrastructure or industrial growth. The pollution and greenhouse gas emissions have led to environmental concerns and climate change, affecting health and life’s quality. However, a rise in environmental awareness created a demand for Environment monitoring systems (EMS) to detect the source and quantify the pollution level by providing a real-time data monitoring and alarm system.
In autonomous systems, mmWave radar sensors are highly reliable for target localization and tracking. However, due to the limited number of transceivers, they cannot accurately estimate the angle of arrival (AoA) of the targets. The researchers developed a novel machine learning-based AoA estimation and field of view (FoV) enhancement techniques for mmWave FMCW radars operating in the frequency range of 77-81 GHz. It has an improved field of view in both azimuth and elevation.
The use of sensors in the application world has drastically improved the human life. Sensors have reduced the time required to study events from hours, to a few seconds or minutes. Nowadays sensing systems are being used in gas sensing, environmental monitoring, as well as the food industry. Monitoring of physiological parameters is being done through Wearable Flexible Sensors (WFS). Tremendous scientific research is going on to develop sensors with better sustainability and sensitivity and to overcome challenges regarding handling of the generated data, comfort of the person concerned, and the power consumed by the devices. Better manufacturing techniques will help develop newer sensors encompassing all income categories in the near future.
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