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"IEEE Sensors Alert" is a new service of the IEEE Sensors Council. Started as one of its new initiatives, this weekly digest publishes teasers and condensed versions of our journal papers in layperson's language.
Articles Posted in the Month (September 2025)
Nonlinear Behavioral Model of Capacitive MEMS Microphone for Predicting Ultrasound Intermodulation Distortion
Author: Rahaman Ashiqur, Albahri Shehab, Boor Steven, Bradt Christopher, Lee Sung B.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 1, January 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Ashiqur Rahaman (Author)
Ultrasound intermodulation distortion (IMD) in microphones, particularly in hearing aids, can lead to audible distortions around ultrasonic devices. The primary source of this nonlinearity is the micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) transducer. This paper explores how specific design features of capacitive MEMS microphones affect IMD using a nonlinear behavioral model to reduce distortion while maintaining acoustic performance. The optimized design shows 15 dB IMD reduction at 20 kHz, providing excellent electro-acoustic characteristics.
Design and Simulation Analysis of Electrolyte-Gated Aluminum Oxide Organic Thin-Film Transistor Biosensor for High Sensitivity
Author: Wadhwa Girish, Proto Antonino, Taibi Angelo, Thakur Anchal
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 6, March 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Payal Savani
The pH sensor has various applications in environmental, industrial, and healthcare monitoring. This paper introduces an electrolyte-gated aluminum oxide organic thin-film transistor (EG-Al₂O₃ OTFT) biosensor with a pentacene structure designed for highly sensitive detection. Using aluminum oxide improved stability, sensitivity, and low-voltage operation. The biosensor detects biomolecules by converting biochemical interactions into electrical signals. This low-cost, flexible, efficient device can prove to be a reliable biosensing for medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 4, February 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Gutierrez-rojas Daniel (Author)
As industrial systems grow more complex powered by wireless sensor networks (WSNs), effective anomaly detection becomes essential. This paper introduces a smart, explainable framework to detect and classify anomalies in WSN-enabled Cyber-Physical Systems. Enhanced by novel explainable AI (XAI) techniques, the model incorporates data acquisition, fusion, and analytics. The results show high accuracy and reliability with reduced risks, faster fault correction, enhanced efficiency, system security, and resilience against cyber threats.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 5, March 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Kamalesh Tripathy
Transimpedance amplifiers (TIAs) are essential for sensing applications that require accurate current-to-voltage conversion, such as biosensing, materials analysis, and device testing. Conventional TIA designs face trade-offs between gain, bandwidth, noise, and chip area. This paper introduces a programmable TIA fabricated in 65-nm Si-CMOS for high-capacitance inputs, using active feedback to achieve high effective resistance. The result is a compact, efficient, and flexible solution ideal for modern high-capacitance sensor interfaces.
Substrate Effects on the Transient Chemiresistive Gas Sensing Performance of Monolayer Graphene
Author: Fahrenthold Eric, Doshi Manasi, Zhang Jie
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 3, February 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Eric P. Fahrenthold (Author)
The substrate supporting monolayer graphene profoundly impacts its electronic properties and electrochemical response. Using a novel, non-contact eddy current method, the researchers show that different substrates dope the graphene in different ways, altering its conductivity, and can reverse how it reacts to gas exposure. This approach offers a fast, non-destructive method for qualitative assessment of low-dimensional materials and provides practical insights for sensor design.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 3, February 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Saurabh Dubey
Health monitoring systems integrated into vehicles improve road safety. This paper presents a novel reflective photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor designed for in-vehicle heart rate monitoring. Embedded in the backrest of the vehicle's seat, the device provides non-intrusive, regular, and accurate heart rate monitoring with minimal motion or clothing interference. It is ideal for in-vehicle health monitoring applications that monitor heart rate, stress, and fatigue, thus enhancing driver comfort and safety.
Temperature-sensing methods with high sensitivity and quick response times are crucial for applications that require real-time temperature monitoring in challenging conditions. This paper introduces a novel optical fiber temperature sensor with a silicon Fabry-Pérot cavity attached to a single-mode fiber tip that achieves high sensitivity (84.6 pm/°C), exceptional resolution (0.0006°C), and a fast response time of 0.51 ms. The innovative design and performance metrics make it ideal for dynamic environments.
Tradeoff Between the Number of Transmitted Molecules and the BER Performance in Molecular Communication Between Bionanosensors
Author: Eckford Andrew, Jing Dongliang, Li Linjuan, Lin Lin
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 1, January 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Anupama
Molecular communication (MC) uses bionanosensors to transmit data using molecules. Due to limited transmitter resources, optimizing communication efficiency is critical. This study analyzes the relationship between the number of transmitted molecules and the bit error rate (BER). It introduces a balance function and uses a Gradient Descent Algorithm to find an optimal tradeoff. Results highlight a tunable framework for balancing communication reliability and molecular resource usage, benefiting applications in defense, healthcare, entertainment, and biosensing.
Monitoring the concentration of proteins in interstitial fluid is vital for assessing various diseases, including albuminuria and edema. This paper proposed an electrical spectroscopy-based system enhanced with admittance relaxation time distribution (aRTD) for protein concentration quantification. Results indicate that aRTD shows a positive correlation with total protein concentration at high relaxation times and can distinguish between albumin and γ-globulin concentration fluctuation at lower relaxation times.
Real-Time Vehicle Classification and License Plate Recognition via Deformable Convolution-Based Yolo v8 Network
Author: R Srinivasan, A Arivarasi, D Rajeswari, Govindasamy Alagiri
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 24, Issue: 23, December 2024)
Summary Contributed by: Saurabh Dubey
An exponential increase in vehicles has made traffic management challenging. The proposed novel DEN-YOLO uses a YOLOv8 model with a deformable convolution network for better adaptation to varying object shapes. It uses low-light enhancement, defogging, and super-resolution to improve image clarity even in challenging conditions. It provides fast and reliable vehicle and license plate detection for traffic management, toll collection, and surveillance, making it ideal for real-world applications.
Design and Fabrication of Highly Performance EGFET and Application in Thrombin Detection
Author: Wang Yiqing, Ding Song, Jiang Jidong, Liu Tao, Wang Ting, Zhang Minghui, Zhang Wei, Zhu Xinglong
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 3, February 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Yiqing Wang (Author)
Extended-gate field-effect transistors (EGFETs) are highly effective in ion detection, particularly pH sensing. Their unique design simplifies fabrication and maintenance. This study introduces a 3D simulation-optimized EGFET designed for pH sensing and detecting highly sensitive thrombin, a crucial biomarker in blood coagulation. The device demonstrated exceptional pH sensitivity, long-term stability, and quick and specific thrombin recognition. The results highlight the potential applications in biomedical diagnostics, environmental monitoring and point-of-care testing.
Flexible Conductive Polymer Reinforced Polyurethane Foam for Real-Time Human Body Electrical Signal Sensing and ECG Peaks
Author: Subramanian Jeyanthi, M Suchetha, Rajeev Krishna, Vijayan Akash
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 3, February 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Saurabh Dubey
Polymer composites made from conductive and flexible material are transforming wearable health devices. This study introduces a soft, flexible foam made from polyurethane and reinforced with conductive polymers, designed to detect the human body’s electrical signals like electrocardiogram (ECG). This sensor captures real-time data without requiring the traditional gel electrodes. The eco-friendly device provides stable monitoring and enhances accuracy and comfort, making it ideal for wearable medical technologies and biosensing applications.
Monitoring the properties of aqueous solutions is essential across various industries like agriculture and oceanics. This paper introduces a novel, low-cost, interdigitated electrode (IDE) sensor based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to assess the properties of aqueous solutions. This sensor effectively detects subtle differences in concentration and provides reliable pH measurements with high sensitivity, showing its potential for applications in different areas, like the food industry and environmental and biological studies.
Author: Joseph Jose, A. V. Akshaya, ANANTHASURESH G. K., Bosco Michael John, Nair Nikila
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 1, January 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Anupama
Traditional glass pH sensors often degrade in harsh environments and become ineffective under extreme pH conditions. This study introduces an innovative all-solid-electrode pH sensor featuring an antimony sensing electrode and an Ag/AgCl solid reference electrode. The sensor demonstrated stability, repeatability and linear performance in controlled and real-world applications. It offers a robust, durable, low-maintenance solution for continuous inline pH monitoring in various fields, including food processing, water treatment, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals.
Flexible Electrospun Nanofibers for Tactile Sensing and Integrated System Research
Author: Chen Rongsheng, Ma Zhiling, Huang Wei, Yang Mei
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 1, January 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Rongsheng Chen (Author)
The demand for flexible sensors has grown with the advancement in wearable technology and smart systems. This paper discusses the development of a flexible piezoelectric sensor using electrospun nanofibers with a controlled structure and alignment, which improves the sensor's performance. It highlights the advantages and exceptional piezoelectric properties, flexibility, and sensitivity of materials like polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its copolymers. Its applications include wearable electronics, human-computer interaction, electronic skins, and soft robotics.
The researchers present a novel target classification technique incorporating mmWave radar and deep learning models to classify moving objects. The system provides a wide field of view by orienting the antenna in elevation and rotating it in the horizontal field. With 97 – 99 % accuracy, the proposed classification technique is a cost-effective and dependable system for a wide range of autonomous applications.
Sensors have become a part of everyday life, seamlessly connecting the physical and electronic worlds. The paper focuses on the current-output sensing technique, providing information and analytical study of various sensors and design guidance of current readout circuits. Additionally, state-of-the-art current-sensing frontends are analyzed concerning gain, bandwidth, stability, and noise. The paper presents insights into general design architectures and their performance tradeoffs.
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