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"IEEE Sensors Alert" is a new service of the IEEE Sensors Council. Started as one of its new initiatives, this weekly digest publishes teasers and condensed versions of our journal papers in layperson's language.
Articles Posted in the Month (December 2025)
Radio Frequency Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles With 3-D Printed U-Cavity Sensor
Author: Kattel Bibek, Hutchcraft Winn Elliott, Syed Azeemuddin, Tanner Eden E. L., Vashisth Priyavrat
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 12, June 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Bibek Kattel (Author)
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have diverse applications in medicine, electronics, optical devices, sensors, and sensing technologies. Hence, the development of advanced characterization technology to determine its potential toxicity is essential. This paper introduces a novel 3D-printed U-cavity sensor for radio frequency (RF) characterization of gold nanoparticles based on three different geometric shapes. Each nanoparticle's shape exhibited a unique RF spectral signature, enabling the accurate characterization of the gold nanoparticles.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 12, June 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Kamalesh Tripathy
Cinnamic acid (CA) has multiple benefits, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. However, its unregulated usage has harmful effects. This paper introduces a novel molecularly imprinted polymer-based graphite electrode developed for the detection and quantification of CA in black tea and cinnamon powder. Using differential pulse voltammetry, it shows a wide linear range (1–1000 µM) and a low detection limit (8.2 nM), exhibiting excellent repeatability and stability.
Author: Yang Xh, Gao Shuai, Ge Zhongxuan., Jones Adam, Li Kang, Liu Zhihai, Ma Minghua., Sivanathan Sivagunalan, Teng Pingping, Tian Fengjun, Wang Shengjia, Wen Xingyue., Zhang Bo, Zhang Yang, Zhang Yu, Zhu Zheng
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 11, June 2025)
Diabetes management usually involves frequent checks of blood glucose levels. This study proposes an early prototype of a skin-friendly photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing patch for noninvasive glucose monitoring. The patch uses a tiny optical fiber coated with specialized materials and an enzyme that reacts only with glucose. It delivers fast and accurate readings, even at very low glucose levels, making it a promising tool for painless, real-time health monitoring.
Design and Implementation of a System to Control Bioreceptor Layer Formation on Au Electrodes
Author: Przadka Marcin Paweł, Pala Katarzyna, Wojcieszak Damian
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 11, June 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Payal Savani
In electrochemical biosensors, electrodes convert biochemical reactions into accurate electrical signals. Their surface quality and preparation directly influence the sensor's accuracy. This study introduces an in-situ quality control system to monitor bioreceptor layer formation on gold electrodes in aquaculture biosensors. By integrating real-time measurements of the wetting angle and electrochemical impedance, the system detects defects early, ensures consistent electrode performance, improves reproducibility, and enables efficient, automated production of biosensors.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 11, June 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Alessandra Fusco (Author)
Monitoring and tracking the breathing rate (BR) accurately is vital for healthcare applications. However, current contactless methods are often restrictive and face challenges in real-life scenarios. This study presents a deep learning approach that uses frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar to estimate breathing rates across multiple ranges. The method achieves high accuracy with minimal memory requirements, making it suitable for reliable, accurate, and cost-effective monitoring in everyday environments.
Braille Recognition Based on a Dual-Mode Tactile Sensor With Piezoresistive and Piezoelectric Properties by the CNN-ResNet-BiLSTM Fusion Model
Author: Wang Feilu, Hu Anyang, Liu Mengru, Song Yang, Zhu Jinggen
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 9, May 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Saurabh Dubey
Braille is a tactile writing system to assist visually impaired individuals in reading and writing. This research presents a micropyramid-structured dual-mode tactile sensor that combines piezoresistive and piezoelectric properties to capture static and dynamic pressures for Braille Recognition. A CNN-ResNet-BiLSTM fusion model analyzes the sensor data and extracts spatiotemporal features to identify Braille characters accurately and improve tactile information processing. This compact, robust system enables reliable and real-time Braille recognition.
Highly Sensitive Enzyme-Modified Field Effect Transistor Based Biosensor for Sarcosine Detection
Author: Saikia Onishaa, Dutta Jiten Ch
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 12, June 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Onishaa Saikia (Author)
Precise measurement of very low concentrations of Sarcosine present in the human body is challenging. This study introduces an enzyme-modified field effect transistor based biosensor that integrates a nano-composite based enzyme supporting layer with a high-k dielectric CNT-ISFET. This biosensor achieves high sensitivity, a very low limit of detection, acceptable stability, along with good repeatability and reproducibility, making it ideal for detecting Sarcosine, a crucial biomarker for Prostate Cancer.
A Novel All-Solid-State Levocetirizine-Selective Potentiometric Microsensor
Author: Dere Nursen
Published in: EE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 11, June 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Payal Savani
Antihistamines like Levocetirizine (LEV) are globally used to treat allergies. Accurate pharmaceutical formulations and quality control are essential to ensure the effectiveness of drugs. This study presents a novel all-solid-state potentiometric microsensor that selectively detects Levocetirizine utilizing Levocetirizine-tetraphenylborate (LEV-TPB). This compact, low-cost microsensor shows low detection limits, a wide operating range, short response times, high accuracy, sensitivity, and selectivity, making it a reliable solution for the effective monitoring of Levocetirizine.
Bismuth Functionalized Inkjet-Printed Electrochemical Sensor for Aqueous Lead (II) Detection
Author: Arif Annatoma, Acevedo-Gonzalez Alexis J., Cabrera Carlos R., Roberts Robert Christopher
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 11, June 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Arif Annatoma (Author)
Routine monitoring of water quality includes testing it for lead contamination. The paper presents an innovative 3D bismuth-functionalized, inkjet-printed electrochemical sensor offering reliable and rapid detection of lead(II) in water. This affordable, reusable, flexible, and scalable sensor provides a portable solution with high sensitivity and selectivity, enabling communities and industries to protect public health, meet environmental compliance standards, and integrate advanced sensing technologies, thereby ensuring water safety in real-world applications.
The Dynamics of Flexural Ultrasonic Transducers With Nitinol Plates
Author: Hamilton Alexander, Adams Sam, Chambers John, Feeney Andrew, Hafezi Mahshid, Liu Yuchen
Published in: EEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 12, June 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Alex Hamilton (Author)
The dynamics of commercial aluminium flexural ultrasonic transducers, such as proximity sensors for car parking, are sensitive to fabrication inconsistencies and temperature, which limit their applications. This paper introduces Nitinol for better control of sensor dynamics. Through stress and temperature dependent moduli, Nitinol sensors exhibit a stable resonance frequency up to 80°C. This stability is due to the complex interplay between the dynamic nonlinearity of the piezoceramic and Nitinol moduli.
Unobtrusive Multimodal Monitoring of Physiological Signals for Driver State Analysis
Author: Amidei Andrea, Pavan Paolo, Rabbeni Roberto, Tagliavini Giuseppe
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 5, March 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Andrea Amidei (Author)
Driver distractions, stress, and fatigue are leading causes of accidents. This study introduces ANGELS v2, an enhanced smart steering wheel system that processes electrodermal activity (EDA) and photoplethysmography (PPG) signals by capturing signals such as heart rate, respiration, and skin response to assess the driver's physiological states in real time. Integrated into the vehicle's steering wheel for unobtrusive multimodal sensing, ANGELS v2 showed near-clinical accuracy in a high-fidelity simulator study.
Investigation on Substrate Material for a Sensitive Flexible Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor
Author: Gupta Navneet, Neeraj Neeraj
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 7, April 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Saurabh Dubey
Flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors (FPPS) are revolutionizing wearable electronics, soft robotics, and healthcare monitoring. This study identifies polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) as the optimal substrate, offering superior thermal stability, flexibility, and chemical resistance. Validated through simulations, PEN-based FPPS achieved high sensitivity, superior charge transport, and improved mechanical stability than traditional alternatives. By combining multi-criteria material ranking with simulation, this research leads to the development of the next-generation wearable sensors and energy-harvesting devices.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 7, April 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Roger Hasler (Author)
Understanding biomolecular interactions at the solid-liquid interface is key to biotechnology innovations. This study describes the development of a multimodal sensor that integrates optical and electronic readout principles on a single chip, enabling simultaneous monitoring of surface mass and charge density variations associated with (bio)interactions. Combining grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with coplanar-gated field-effect transistors (FET), this scalable, portable platform offers high-precision, dual-mode analysis of complex bio-interfaces for next-generation diagnostics.
Low Latency Visual Inertial Odometry With On-Sensor Accelerated Optical Flow for Resource-Constrained UAVs
Author: Kuhne Jonas, Benini Luca, Magno Michele
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 5, March 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Jonas Kühne (Author)
Visual-inertial odometry (VIO) is increasingly used for autonomous navigation in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This study introduces a low-latency VIO system that integrates an on-camera optical flow accelerator with an existing state-of-the-art VIO pipeline. Offloading motion tracking to the sensor itself significantly reduces computational load (53.7%), energy consumption (14.24%), and latency (49.4%). This approach maintains, and in some cases even improves, tracking accuracy, making it ideal for resource-constrained UAVs.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 6, March 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Payal Savani
Sensors are the silent sentinels of technology, translating invisible changes into meaningful data. Among them, pH sensors are vital for monitoring hydrogen ion concentration in biomedical and environmental fields. The study explores a high-performance Extended-Gate Field-Effect Transistor (EGFET) based pH sensor, developed by modifying zinc oxide with phosphorene. It has boosted sensitivity from 51.0 to 62.5 mV/pH and lowered the drift rate from 1.428 to 0.714 mV/h.
The MEMS-based micro hotplate gas sensors are small and mass-producible with excellent performance compared to traditional ceramic tube sensors. Energy efficiency is a crucial parameter of portable, reliable sensors. Heat loss significantly increases the power consumption of hotplates. To optimize energy consumption and efficiency, an analytical study of heat loss in different parts of sensor parts and their remedies through fabrication methods is presented.
After years of existence and research efforts, dielectric materials in non-contact bioelectrodes guarantee the hope and survival of patients with heart abnormalities. Without painful skin abrasion, cardiac monitoring devices could reliably ensure constant care and well-being of patients. The researchers provide invaluable insights into the influence of dielectric materials that could change the future of ECG monitoring systems.
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