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"IEEE Sensors Alert" is a new service of the IEEE Sensors Council. Started as one of its new initiatives, this weekly digest publishes teasers and condensed versions of our journal papers in layperson's language.
Articles Posted in the Month (October 2024)
Low Cost, Flexible, Room Temperature Gas Sensor: Polypyrrole-Modified Laser-Induced Graphene for Ammonia Detection
Author: Salehnia Foad, Vilanova X., Llobet Eduard, Romero Nevado Alfonso Jose, Santos Ceballos Jose Carlos
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 24, Issue: 7, April 2024)
Summary Contributed by: Salehnia Foad (Author)
The hazardous nature of ammonia (NH3) makes its monitoring crucial. The paper presents a novel, low-cost, and flexible ammonia gas sensor using polypyrrole-modified laser-induced graphene (PPy@LIG) developed for real-time monitoring and detection of ammonia in atmosphere. It demonstrates enhanced sensitivity, excellent repeatability, and a low detection limit of 1 ppm at room temperature. This breakthrough opens opportunities for advanced air quality monitoring systems and potential applications in agriculture and industrial settings.
Fabrication and Characterization of P3HT/MoS₂ Thin-Film Based Ammonia Sensor Operated at Room Temperature
Author: Ankit Verma, Praveen Kumar Sahu, Vivek Chaudhary, Arun Kumar Singh, V. N. Mishra, Rajiv Prakash
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 22, Issue: 11, June 2022)
Summary Contributed by: Anupama
The study presents a high-performance ammonia gas sensor using poly(3-hexylthiophene)/molybdenum disulfide (P3HT/MoS2) nanocomposite in a top-contact organic field-effect transistor (OFET) assembly. The P3HT/MoS2 surface, with superior crystallinity and extended nanofiber morphology, improves charge interaction and transport with ammonia, yielding a gas sensor response of 63.45% at 100 ppm ammonia concentration. The fabricated OFET showcases high efficiency, sensitivity, and non-invasiveness, demonstrating significant potential for environmental protection as an ammonia gas sensor.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 24, Issue: 7, April 2024)
Summary Contributed by: Kaziz Sameh (Author)
Advanced computational models like artificial neural networks (ANN) and particle swarm optimization with artificial neural networks (PSO-ANN) are revolutionizing the prediction of microfluidic biosensor performance. They predict detection times based on critical input variables and identify optimal conditions for enhanced biosensor performance by systematically varying key parameters. Machine learning (ML) algorithms analyze the data to predict outcomes and improve detection accuracy. The findings promise advancements in biosensor technology across diverse applications.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 22, Issue: 20, October 2022)
Summary Contributed by: Saurabh Dubey
The advancements in human-computer interaction (HCI) have proved effective in training machines and fostered research in automatic emotion recognition. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown promising results in electroencephalogram (EEG)-based emotion recognition. The study investigates electroencephalogram (EEG) based signals for precise emotional recognition trained over novel and effective Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Contrastive Learning methods. This technology holds promise for future applications in emotional understanding and mental health monitoring.
Development of Flexible Electronic Biosensors for Healthcare Engineering
Author: Yan Jian, Yan Jiasheng, Cheng Jie, Fu Yusheng, Guo Jinhong, Zhao Ying, Zhou Jun
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 24, Issue: 8, April 2024)
Summary Contributed by: Jian Yan (Author)
With the potential for real-time health monitoring and personalized diagnosis, wearable biosensors are the future of the healthcare system. The portability and stretchability of flexible electronics allow them to substitute bulky diagnostic devices with wearable devices, thus creating possibilities for non-invasive continuous health monitoring. These biosensors convert physiological data into interpretable information by integrating innovative sensing mechanisms and designs, enabling healthcare professionals to detect warning signs, diagnose diseases, and assess health accurately.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 22, Issue: 17, September 2022)
Summary Contributed by: Anupama
The paper explores the impact of Earth rotation compensation on the microelectromechanical systems-based inertial measurement units (MEMS-IMU) preintegration in navigation system accuracy. Experimental evaluations reveal substantial accuracy degradation without Earth rotation compensation and highlight the transformative potential of refined IMU preintegration in achieving high accuracy. The proposed advanced navigation system integrates global navigation satellite system positioning (GNSS) with IMU preintegration through Factor Graph Optimization, offering a promising avenue for enhanced accuracy and robustness in navigation systems.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 24, Issue: 9, May 2024)
Summary Contributed by: Palma Lorenzo (Author)
Accidental falls across age groups and occupations could affect the quality of life. This work presents an innovative deep-learning approach specifically designed for edge devices for fall detection. The wearable sensor combines a three-axis accelerometer, gyroscope, and pressure sensor. It operates in real-time, recognizing the actions performed and categorizing them as everyday activities or falls. The power-efficient, low-cost, simple model with 99.38% accuracy and 25ms inference time is practical for real-world applications.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 22, Issue: 12, June 2022)
Summary Contributed by: Saurabh Dubey
Indoor localization based on WiFi Fingerprint techniques, augmented with the proposed FASR (Fingerprint Augment Based on Super-Resolution) framework, demonstrates increased localization accuracy and cost-effectiveness. The study explores the processing of the FASR framework and its super-resolution attributes in multiple modules. Assisted by deep neural network learning models, the framework shows consistent performance across various spatial samples with high position accuracy and promising application in the field of image processing.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 23, Issue: 4, February 2023)
Summary Contributed by: Kamalesh Tripathy
Maintaining indoor air quality (IAQ) is crucial for health and wellness. Accurate data analysis and contextual anomaly detection are essential for IAQ monitoring. The paper introduces a hybrid deep-learning model, combining long short-term memory (LSTM) with autoencoder (AE). LSTM learns typical carbon dioxide (CO2) time sequence patterns, while AE computes optimal reconstruction errors and detects anomalies. Achieving 99.50% accuracy in real-world testing, the model shows promise for enhancing IAQ monitoring.
3-D-Printing and Reliability Evaluation of an Easy-to-Fabricate Position Sensing System for Printed Functional Wearable Assistive Devices
Author: Michalec Paweł, Faller Lisa-Marie
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 24, Issue: 4, February 2024)
Summary Contributed by: Michalec Paweł (Author)
The demand for advanced medical devices has created challenges in integrating sensors into cost-effective wearable medical assistive devices. The paper presents a novel, fully 3D-printed linear encoder developed using commercially available electrically conductive and nonconductive materials. This easy-to-fabricate technology was tested in a sensorized hand orthosis (sHO). It aims to enhance the functionality of wearable assistive devices by accurately detecting and monitoring movements, thus offering promising solutions for rehabilitation devices.
CAMs-SLAM: Cloud-Based Multisubmap VSLAM for Multisource Asynchronous Sensing of Biped Climbing Robots
Author: Zhang Hong, Chen Weinan, Gu Shichao, Zhu Lei
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 24, Issue: 14, July 2024)
Summary Contributed by: Hong Zhang (Author)
Understanding and navigating the surroundings is a key feature of biomimetic Biped climbing robots (BiCRs). This is achieved through visual simultaneous localization and mapping (VSLAM). The paper presents a cloud-based asynchronous multisubmap VSLAM (CAMs-SLAM) system, which assists these robots with necessary computing, mapping, environment perception, and autonomous navigation. Even with weak internet connections and low data, this system demonstrates its feasibility and superiority in autonomous climbing applications, offering practical benefits for real-world use.
TSF: Two-Stage Sequential Fusion for 3D Object Detection
Author: Heng Qi, Peicheng Shi, Zhiqiang Liu, Aixi Yang
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 22, Issue: 12, June 2022)
Summary Contributed by: Anupama
This paper introduces a two-stage sequential fusion (TSF) method for 3D object detection in autonomous driving. TSF fuses the raw LiDAR point cloud with corresponding image data to produce an improved point cloud. The study also analyzes the impact of the fusion module on detection capabilities and explores the balance between accuracy and speed. The results show that TSF substantially boosts LiDAR detection accuracy, especially in small-object detection.
GPS-based navigation, widely used worldwide, is cost-effective for providing position, velocity, and time data. However, it is susceptible to spoofing, especially in UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles). The paper proposes a GPS spoofing detection and mitigation method using distributed radar tracking and data fusion techniques. The approach combines primary and secondary data through extended Kalman filters and track-to-track association. It ensures accuracy even during spoofing attacks, making it ideal for drone swarms.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal ( Volume: 22, Issue: 10, May 2022)
Summary Contributed by: Kamalesh Tripathy
Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) based piezoresistive pressure sensors are widely used across various industries. However, these sensors are prone to failure due to junction leakage at high-temperature applications. The paper presents three piezoresistive pressure sensors designed using different technologies: standard diffused piezoresistors, oxide-isolated polysilicon, and single crystal silicon piezoresistors. Tested up to 200°C and 140 bar, all sensors showed reduced sensitivity with temperature, with oxide-isolated polysilicon sensors exhibiting the best performance.
Fetal Movement Detection by Wearable Accelerometer Duo Based on Machine Learning
Author: Jingyi Xu, Chao Zhao, Bo Ding, Xiaoxia Gu, Wenru Zeng, Liang Qiu, Hong Yu, Yang Shen, Hong Liu
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 22, Issue: 12, June 2022)
Summary Contributed by: Chao Zhao (Author)
Fetal movement monitoring is vital for fetal health. The accuracy of the maternal perception in monitoring fetal movement varies. In this work, a wearable device with two accelerometers and machine learning algorithms was developed for accurate and continuous fetal movement monitoring. It aims for accuracy comparable to ultrasound. The device showed promising results in fetal movement monitoring, potentially providing valuable insights into the fetal biological profile during the perinatal period.
Diabetes leads to serious health challenges and is a leading cause of numerous chronic diseases. This study explores electronics-based biosensors, particularly Organic Field Effect Transistors (OFET) and Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECT), as adept glucose and DNA biosensors in diabetes management. The biosensors, fabricated from biodegradable natural materials, offer a flexible, cost-effective, and easily accessible solution, showcasing exceptional sensitivity and selectivity in their performance.
IoT applications, with their unique functionality and applications, are improving human lives. Analysis of a large amount of sensor data collected from these applications is made possible with the help of AI. The convergence of AI and IoT has proven to be a successful idea and has found its applications in health care, agriculture, the environment, and transportation.
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