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"IEEE Sensors Alert" is a pilot project of the IEEE Sensors Council. Started as one of its new initiatives, this weekly digest publishes teasers and condensed versions of our journal papers in layperson's language.
Articles Posted in the Month (November 2025)
Highly Sensitive Enzyme-Modified Field Effect Transistor Based Biosensor for Sarcosine Detection
Author: Saikia Onishaa, Dutta Jiten Ch
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 12, June 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Onishaa Saikia (Author)
Precise measurement of very low concentrations of Sarcosine present in the human body is challenging. This study introduces an enzyme-modified field effect transistor based biosensor that integrates a nano-composite based enzyme supporting layer with a high-k dielectric CNT-ISFET. This biosensor achieves high sensitivity, a very low limit of detection, acceptable stability, along with good repeatability and reproducibility, making it ideal for detecting Sarcosine, a crucial biomarker for Prostate Cancer.
A Novel All-Solid-State Levocetirizine-Selective Potentiometric Microsensor
Author: Dere Nursen
Published in: EE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 11, June 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Payal Savani
Antihistamines like Levocetirizine (LEV) are globally used to treat allergies. Accurate pharmaceutical formulations and quality control are essential to ensure the effectiveness of drugs. This study presents a novel all-solid-state potentiometric microsensor that selectively detects Levocetirizine utilizing Levocetirizine-tetraphenylborate (LEV-TPB). This compact, low-cost microsensor shows low detection limits, a wide operating range, short response times, high accuracy, sensitivity, and selectivity, making it a reliable solution for the effective monitoring of Levocetirizine.
Bismuth Functionalized Inkjet-Printed Electrochemical Sensor for Aqueous Lead (II) Detection
Author: Arif Annatoma, Acevedo-Gonzalez Alexis J., Cabrera Carlos R., Roberts Robert Christopher
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 11, June 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Arif Annatoma (Author)
Routine monitoring of water quality includes testing it for lead contamination. The paper presents an innovative 3D bismuth-functionalized, inkjet-printed electrochemical sensor offering reliable and rapid detection of lead(II) in water. This affordable, reusable, flexible, and scalable sensor provides a portable solution with high sensitivity and selectivity, enabling communities and industries to protect public health, meet environmental compliance standards, and integrate advanced sensing technologies, thereby ensuring water safety in real-world applications.
The Dynamics of Flexural Ultrasonic Transducers With Nitinol Plates
Author: Hamilton Alexander, Adams Sam, Chambers John, Feeney Andrew, Hafezi Mahshid, Liu Yuchen
Published in: EEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 12, June 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Alex Hamilton (Author)
The dynamics of commercial aluminium flexural ultrasonic transducers, such as proximity sensors for car parking, are sensitive to fabrication inconsistencies and temperature, which limit their applications. This paper introduces Nitinol for better control of sensor dynamics. Through stress and temperature dependent moduli, Nitinol sensors exhibit a stable resonance frequency up to 80°C. This stability is due to the complex interplay between the dynamic nonlinearity of the piezoceramic and Nitinol moduli.
Unobtrusive Multimodal Monitoring of Physiological Signals for Driver State Analysis
Author: Amidei Andrea, Pavan Paolo, Rabbeni Roberto, Tagliavini Giuseppe
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 5, March 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Andrea Amidei (Author)
Driver distractions, stress, and fatigue are leading causes of accidents. This study introduces ANGELS v2, an enhanced smart steering wheel system that processes electrodermal activity (EDA) and photoplethysmography (PPG) signals by capturing signals such as heart rate, respiration, and skin response to assess the driver's physiological states in real time. Integrated into the vehicle's steering wheel for unobtrusive multimodal sensing, ANGELS v2 showed near-clinical accuracy in a high-fidelity simulator study.
Investigation on Substrate Material for a Sensitive Flexible Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor
Author: Gupta Navneet, Neeraj Neeraj
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 7, April 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Saurabh Dubey
Flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors (FPPS) are revolutionizing wearable electronics, soft robotics, and healthcare monitoring. This study identifies polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) as the optimal substrate, offering superior thermal stability, flexibility, and chemical resistance. Validated through simulations, PEN-based FPPS achieved high sensitivity, superior charge transport, and improved mechanical stability than traditional alternatives. By combining multi-criteria material ranking with simulation, this research leads to the development of the next-generation wearable sensors and energy-harvesting devices.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 7, April 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Roger Hasler (Author)
Understanding biomolecular interactions at the solid-liquid interface is key to biotechnology innovations. This study describes the development of a multimodal sensor that integrates optical and electronic readout principles on a single chip, enabling simultaneous monitoring of surface mass and charge density variations associated with (bio)interactions. Combining grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with coplanar-gated field-effect transistors (FET), this scalable, portable platform offers high-precision, dual-mode analysis of complex bio-interfaces for next-generation diagnostics.
Low Latency Visual Inertial Odometry With On-Sensor Accelerated Optical Flow for Resource-Constrained UAVs
Author: Kuhne Jonas, Benini Luca, Magno Michele
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 5, March 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Jonas Kühne (Author)
Visual-inertial odometry (VIO) is increasingly used for autonomous navigation in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This study introduces a low-latency VIO system that integrates an on-camera optical flow accelerator with an existing state-of-the-art VIO pipeline. Offloading motion tracking to the sensor itself significantly reduces computational load (53.7%), energy consumption (14.24%), and latency (49.4%). This approach maintains, and in some cases even improves, tracking accuracy, making it ideal for resource-constrained UAVs.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 6, March 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Payal Savani
Sensors are the silent sentinels of technology, translating invisible changes into meaningful data. Among them, pH sensors are vital for monitoring hydrogen ion concentration in biomedical and environmental fields. The study explores a high-performance Extended-Gate Field-Effect Transistor (EGFET) based pH sensor, developed by modifying zinc oxide with phosphorene. It has boosted sensitivity from 51.0 to 62.5 mV/pH and lowered the drift rate from 1.428 to 0.714 mV/h.
Published in: IEEE Sensors Journal (Volume: 25, Issue: 5, March 2025)
Summary Contributed by: Gianluca Barile (Author)
The ease of fabrication and versatile use make capacitive sensors a popular choice. This work introduces a fully differential analogue read-out circuit for differential capacitive sensors, featuring an auto-balancing bridge with voltage-controlled capacitors (VCCs) and integral negative feedback. The interface achieved 102 mV/pF sensitivity, and a linearity error of 0.47%, with 8–11 ms dynamic response times. The design enhances sensitivity and linearity, reduces parasitic effects, and demonstrates strong potential for precision sensing.
The recent COVID outbreaks highlighted the need for breathing rate monitoring and increased the demand for hospitalized patients. Monitoring breathing rate is vital for diagnosing diseases and observing patients with pulmonary conditions. The pros and cons of different techniques are studied and categorized under contact and remote modes of respiratory monitoring systems. Various Radar-based methods found to be more suitable for respiration monitoring are discussed.
Radar detection of smaller targets requires lowering the radar cross-section and velocity thresholds. With it, an abundance of target signatures gets generated, making it necessary to classify only relevant targets. Micro-motions of targets are significant characteristics. Micro-Doppler signatures have emerged as an effective method of classifying such targets. The study presents a systematic review of various micro-Doppler-based radar target signature analysis and classification techniques.
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